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Are white and non-white police officers equally likely to kill black suspects?
Eagles vs. drones: Are Dutch police training drone-hunting eagles?Are 55,400 people injured or killed by US police every year?Have 8 out of 10 police officers in Sweden seriously considered quitting due to the danger?Does the United States have more tax preparers than police and firefighters combined?Are black Americans more likely to commit crime against white Americans than other black people?Are female surgeons less likely to kill you?Is a police officer 18x more likely to be killed by a black male than an unarmed black male is to be by a police officer?Are people with a high IQ not allowed to become police officers in New London?Are black people disproportionately shot more than other people in America?Were there no “white” people in Virginia between 1619 and 1679?
Well, that's the conclusion of a 2018 US study, as reported in the press:
"White officers do not kill black suspects at a higher rate compared with nonwhite officers," concludes a research team led by Charles Menifield, dean of the School of Public Affairs and Administration at Rutgers University–Newark. "The killing of black suspects is a police problem, not a white police problem."
The actual paper's abstract isn't too different in its conclusion:
although minority suspects are disproportionately killed by police, white officers appear to be no more likely to use lethal force against minorities than nonwhite officers. [...]
The disproportionate killing of African Americans by police officers does not appear to be driven by micro‐level racism. Rather, it is likely driven by a combination of macro‐level public policies that target minority populations and meso‐level policies and practices of police forces.
So, is this paper "bullet proof"? I mean: Has it been criticized, e.g. for its methodology? Is its conclusion consistent with other research on this topic?
united-states mortality racism police
asked 2 hours ago
FizzFizz
9,62113576
add a comment |
Well, that's the conclusion of a 2018 US study, as reported in the press:
"White officers do not kill black suspects at a higher rate compared with nonwhite officers," concludes a research team led by Charles Menifield, dean of the School of Public Affairs and Administration at Rutgers University–Newark. "The killing of black suspects is a police problem, not a white police problem."
The actual paper's abstract isn't too different in its conclusion:
although minority suspects are disproportionately killed by police, white officers appear to be no more likely to use lethal force against minorities than nonwhite officers. [...]
The disproportionate killing of African Americans by police officers does not appear to be driven by micro‐level racism. Rather, it is likely driven by a combination of macro‐level public policies that target minority populations and meso‐level policies and practices of police forces.
So, is this paper "bullet proof"? I mean: Has it been criticized, e.g. for its methodology? Is its conclusion consistent with other research on this topic?
united-states mortality racism police
asked 2 hours ago
FizzFizz
9,62113576
2
Do note that there may be some bias introduced based on how the officers are assigned. If black police officers are preferentially assigned to black districts then they will tend to kill more black people than white. This will distort the measurements. Somehow the relative exposure of the officers to black vs white people must be taken into account to arrive at meaningful numbers.
– Daniel R Hicks
1 hour ago
add a comment |
Well, that's the conclusion of a 2018 US study, as reported in the press:
"White officers do not kill black suspects at a higher rate compared with nonwhite officers," concludes a research team led by Charles Menifield, dean of the School of Public Affairs and Administration at Rutgers University–Newark. "The killing of black suspects is a police problem, not a white police problem."
The actual paper's abstract isn't too different in its conclusion:
although minority suspects are disproportionately killed by police, white officers appear to be no more likely to use lethal force against minorities than nonwhite officers. [...]
The disproportionate killing of African Americans by police officers does not appear to be driven by micro‐level racism. Rather, it is likely driven by a combination of macro‐level public policies that target minority populations and meso‐level policies and practices of police forces.
So, is this paper "bullet proof"? I mean: Has it been criticized, e.g. for its methodology? Is its conclusion consistent with other research on this topic?
united-states mortality racism police
asked 2 hours ago
FizzFizz
9,62113576
Well, that's the conclusion of a 2018 US study, as reported in the press:
"White officers do not kill black suspects at a higher rate compared with nonwhite officers," concludes a research team led by Charles Menifield, dean of the School of Public Affairs and Administration at Rutgers University–Newark. "The killing of black suspects is a police problem, not a white police problem."
The actual paper's abstract isn't too different in its conclusion:
although minority suspects are disproportionately killed by police, white officers appear to be no more likely to use lethal force against minorities than nonwhite officers. [...]
The disproportionate killing of African Americans by police officers does not appear to be driven by micro‐level racism. Rather, it is likely driven by a combination of macro‐level public policies that target minority populations and meso‐level policies and practices of police forces.
So, is this paper "bullet proof"? I mean: Has it been criticized, e.g. for its methodology? Is its conclusion consistent with other research on this topic?
united-states mortality racism police
united-states mortality racism police
asked 2 hours ago
FizzFizz
9,62113576
asked 2 hours ago
FizzFizz
9,62113576
edited 2 hours ago
Fizz
asked 2 hours ago
FizzFizz
9,62113576
asked 2 hours ago
FizzFizz
9,62113576
asked 2 hours ago
FizzFizz
9,62113576
9,62113576
2
Do note that there may be some bias introduced based on how the officers are assigned. If black police officers are preferentially assigned to black districts then they will tend to kill more black people than white. This will distort the measurements. Somehow the relative exposure of the officers to black vs white people must be taken into account to arrive at meaningful numbers.
– Daniel R Hicks
1 hour ago
add a comment |
2
Do note that there may be some bias introduced based on how the officers are assigned. If black police officers are preferentially assigned to black districts then they will tend to kill more black people than white. This will distort the measurements. Somehow the relative exposure of the officers to black vs white people must be taken into account to arrive at meaningful numbers.
– Daniel R Hicks
1 hour ago
2
2
Do note that there may be some bias introduced based on how the officers are assigned. If black police officers are preferentially assigned to black districts then they will tend to kill more black people than white. This will distort the measurements. Somehow the relative exposure of the officers to black vs white people must be taken into account to arrive at meaningful numbers.
– Daniel R Hicks
1 hour ago
Do note that there may be some bias introduced based on how the officers are assigned. If black police officers are preferentially assigned to black districts then they will tend to kill more black people than white. This will distort the measurements. Somehow the relative exposure of the officers to black vs white people must be taken into account to arrive at meaningful numbers.
– Daniel R Hicks
1 hour ago
add a comment |
1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
I will continue to look into this topic to edit and improve the answer.
RE: Methodology, the paper covers it well (emphasis added).
We constructed an original database of all confirmed uses of deadly force by police officers in the United States in 2014 and 2015.
We began by drawing on data gathered by Killed By Police, a
nongovernmental entity that tracks police killings reported in the
news and updates its data set each day. We chose this source as a
base because the site links each killing with a news story that we
could locate online. In order to ensure that the accuracy of the data,
we cross-checked it with two other websites that collect data on
police killings (lethaldb.silk.co
and
FatalEncounters.org).
All three
data sets have been used by other scholars studying police killings
(Lott and Moody 2016; Nicholson-Crotty, Nicholson-Crotty, and
Fernandez 2017).
The Killed By Police data contained the victim’s name, race, age,
date of birth, gender, date and time of killing, city, state, and a
news account of the killing. We supplemented these data with
other variables available in news accounts and other police killing
data sets, including local population demographics, cause of death,
geographic location of the killing, type of offense, presence of a
nonpolice witness, and whether there was a warrant for the suspect.
...We also coded for a range of
variables about the officers whenever possible, such as officer race
and gender, years of police service, and type of officer. Because of
missing data, we had to thoroughly analyze every news story that
we could locate on each killing.
First, let's look at the credibility of the websites.
Looking at Killed By Police, each entry in the database indeed includes a news article (and usually, 1+ news articles). Thus, it appears credible. Something interesting to note is that it has been fact-checked by FiveThirtyEight. From FiveThirtyEight:
We randomly sampled 146 incidents (10 percent) from the news links posted to Killed By Police. All the posts linked to established outlets, although in some cases a new url for the article had to be found because the news site had restructured its links.
Looking at lethaldb.silk.co, we find the message "It’s time to say goodbye" and a notice that it has been shut down. The Internet Archive didn't have screenshots of older versions of the webpage, so I cannot verify its authenticity.
FatalEncounters.org also appears credible, as it includes a news story with each entry. Note that for all sites I checked some entries, but not all.
Next, let's see if other scholars have actually used the same data set.
The pdf for Lott and Moody 2016 can be accessed here and is published in the Social Science Research Network. I couldn't find the impact factor for this journal. From what I can tell, it is similar to ArXiv, so I would take documents here with a grain of salt. I could see from the appendix that data was collected from killedbypolice.net and fatalencounters.org, but not from the other source.
Nicholson-Crotty, Nicholson-Crotty, and
Fernandez 2017 can be accessed here. It is published in the Public Administration Review, the same journal as is the paper in question. In 2017, the impact factor was 4.591. Reading the paper confirms it also draws data from KilledByPolice and FatalEncounters (but, again, not from the third source).
Thus, some scholars did actually use data from 2 of the sources as the paper in question.
It may be too early to conclude if the conclusion is consistent with other research on this topic. The paper was published in 2018, and as the authors say
However, to our knowledge, no study has directly assessed the
racial composition of officer killings of suspects.
answered 1 hour ago
Barry HarrisonBarry Harrison
1,9431822
1
I will continue looking into this for future edits. From what I can see now, there doesn't appear to be a big reason to doubt the methodology.
– Barry Harrison
1 hour ago
You should move above comment to the answer. Preferably at the top of the answer as a summary.
– fredsbend
1 hour ago
@fredsbend You can always edit, but I will do that.
– Barry Harrison
23 mins ago
add a comment |
1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
I will continue to look into this topic to edit and improve the answer.
RE: Methodology, the paper covers it well (emphasis added).
We constructed an original database of all confirmed uses of deadly force by police officers in the United States in 2014 and 2015.
We began by drawing on data gathered by Killed By Police, a
nongovernmental entity that tracks police killings reported in the
news and updates its data set each day. We chose this source as a
base because the site links each killing with a news story that we
could locate online. In order to ensure that the accuracy of the data,
we cross-checked it with two other websites that collect data on
police killings (lethaldb.silk.co
and
FatalEncounters.org).
All three
data sets have been used by other scholars studying police killings
(Lott and Moody 2016; Nicholson-Crotty, Nicholson-Crotty, and
Fernandez 2017).
The Killed By Police data contained the victim’s name, race, age,
date of birth, gender, date and time of killing, city, state, and a
news account of the killing. We supplemented these data with
other variables available in news accounts and other police killing
data sets, including local population demographics, cause of death,
geographic location of the killing, type of offense, presence of a
nonpolice witness, and whether there was a warrant for the suspect.
...We also coded for a range of
variables about the officers whenever possible, such as officer race
and gender, years of police service, and type of officer. Because of
missing data, we had to thoroughly analyze every news story that
we could locate on each killing.
First, let's look at the credibility of the websites.
Looking at Killed By Police, each entry in the database indeed includes a news article (and usually, 1+ news articles). Thus, it appears credible. Something interesting to note is that it has been fact-checked by FiveThirtyEight. From FiveThirtyEight:
We randomly sampled 146 incidents (10 percent) from the news links posted to Killed By Police. All the posts linked to established outlets, although in some cases a new url for the article had to be found because the news site had restructured its links.
Looking at lethaldb.silk.co, we find the message "It’s time to say goodbye" and a notice that it has been shut down. The Internet Archive didn't have screenshots of older versions of the webpage, so I cannot verify its authenticity.
FatalEncounters.org also appears credible, as it includes a news story with each entry. Note that for all sites I checked some entries, but not all.
Next, let's see if other scholars have actually used the same data set.
The pdf for Lott and Moody 2016 can be accessed here and is published in the Social Science Research Network. I couldn't find the impact factor for this journal. From what I can tell, it is similar to ArXiv, so I would take documents here with a grain of salt. I could see from the appendix that data was collected from killedbypolice.net and fatalencounters.org, but not from the other source.
Nicholson-Crotty, Nicholson-Crotty, and
Fernandez 2017 can be accessed here. It is published in the Public Administration Review, the same journal as is the paper in question. In 2017, the impact factor was 4.591. Reading the paper confirms it also draws data from KilledByPolice and FatalEncounters (but, again, not from the third source).
Thus, some scholars did actually use data from 2 of the sources as the paper in question.
It may be too early to conclude if the conclusion is consistent with other research on this topic. The paper was published in 2018, and as the authors say
However, to our knowledge, no study has directly assessed the
racial composition of officer killings of suspects.
answered 1 hour ago
Barry HarrisonBarry Harrison
1,9431822
1
I will continue looking into this for future edits. From what I can see now, there doesn't appear to be a big reason to doubt the methodology.
– Barry Harrison
1 hour ago
You should move above comment to the answer. Preferably at the top of the answer as a summary.
– fredsbend
1 hour ago
@fredsbend You can always edit, but I will do that.
– Barry Harrison
23 mins ago
add a comment |
I will continue to look into this topic to edit and improve the answer.
RE: Methodology, the paper covers it well (emphasis added).
We constructed an original database of all confirmed uses of deadly force by police officers in the United States in 2014 and 2015.
We began by drawing on data gathered by Killed By Police, a
nongovernmental entity that tracks police killings reported in the
news and updates its data set each day. We chose this source as a
base because the site links each killing with a news story that we
could locate online. In order to ensure that the accuracy of the data,
we cross-checked it with two other websites that collect data on
police killings (lethaldb.silk.co
and
FatalEncounters.org).
All three
data sets have been used by other scholars studying police killings
(Lott and Moody 2016; Nicholson-Crotty, Nicholson-Crotty, and
Fernandez 2017).
The Killed By Police data contained the victim’s name, race, age,
date of birth, gender, date and time of killing, city, state, and a
news account of the killing. We supplemented these data with
other variables available in news accounts and other police killing
data sets, including local population demographics, cause of death,
geographic location of the killing, type of offense, presence of a
nonpolice witness, and whether there was a warrant for the suspect.
...We also coded for a range of
variables about the officers whenever possible, such as officer race
and gender, years of police service, and type of officer. Because of
missing data, we had to thoroughly analyze every news story that
we could locate on each killing.
First, let's look at the credibility of the websites.
Looking at Killed By Police, each entry in the database indeed includes a news article (and usually, 1+ news articles). Thus, it appears credible. Something interesting to note is that it has been fact-checked by FiveThirtyEight. From FiveThirtyEight:
We randomly sampled 146 incidents (10 percent) from the news links posted to Killed By Police. All the posts linked to established outlets, although in some cases a new url for the article had to be found because the news site had restructured its links.
Looking at lethaldb.silk.co, we find the message "It’s time to say goodbye" and a notice that it has been shut down. The Internet Archive didn't have screenshots of older versions of the webpage, so I cannot verify its authenticity.
FatalEncounters.org also appears credible, as it includes a news story with each entry. Note that for all sites I checked some entries, but not all.
Next, let's see if other scholars have actually used the same data set.
The pdf for Lott and Moody 2016 can be accessed here and is published in the Social Science Research Network. I couldn't find the impact factor for this journal. From what I can tell, it is similar to ArXiv, so I would take documents here with a grain of salt. I could see from the appendix that data was collected from killedbypolice.net and fatalencounters.org, but not from the other source.
Nicholson-Crotty, Nicholson-Crotty, and
Fernandez 2017 can be accessed here. It is published in the Public Administration Review, the same journal as is the paper in question. In 2017, the impact factor was 4.591. Reading the paper confirms it also draws data from KilledByPolice and FatalEncounters (but, again, not from the third source).
Thus, some scholars did actually use data from 2 of the sources as the paper in question.
It may be too early to conclude if the conclusion is consistent with other research on this topic. The paper was published in 2018, and as the authors say
However, to our knowledge, no study has directly assessed the
racial composition of officer killings of suspects.
answered 1 hour ago
Barry HarrisonBarry Harrison
1,9431822
1
I will continue looking into this for future edits. From what I can see now, there doesn't appear to be a big reason to doubt the methodology.
– Barry Harrison
1 hour ago
You should move above comment to the answer. Preferably at the top of the answer as a summary.
– fredsbend
1 hour ago
@fredsbend You can always edit, but I will do that.
– Barry Harrison
23 mins ago
add a comment |
I will continue to look into this topic to edit and improve the answer.
RE: Methodology, the paper covers it well (emphasis added).
We constructed an original database of all confirmed uses of deadly force by police officers in the United States in 2014 and 2015.
We began by drawing on data gathered by Killed By Police, a
nongovernmental entity that tracks police killings reported in the
news and updates its data set each day. We chose this source as a
base because the site links each killing with a news story that we
could locate online. In order to ensure that the accuracy of the data,
we cross-checked it with two other websites that collect data on
police killings (lethaldb.silk.co
and
FatalEncounters.org).
All three
data sets have been used by other scholars studying police killings
(Lott and Moody 2016; Nicholson-Crotty, Nicholson-Crotty, and
Fernandez 2017).
The Killed By Police data contained the victim’s name, race, age,
date of birth, gender, date and time of killing, city, state, and a
news account of the killing. We supplemented these data with
other variables available in news accounts and other police killing
data sets, including local population demographics, cause of death,
geographic location of the killing, type of offense, presence of a
nonpolice witness, and whether there was a warrant for the suspect.
...We also coded for a range of
variables about the officers whenever possible, such as officer race
and gender, years of police service, and type of officer. Because of
missing data, we had to thoroughly analyze every news story that
we could locate on each killing.
First, let's look at the credibility of the websites.
Looking at Killed By Police, each entry in the database indeed includes a news article (and usually, 1+ news articles). Thus, it appears credible. Something interesting to note is that it has been fact-checked by FiveThirtyEight. From FiveThirtyEight:
We randomly sampled 146 incidents (10 percent) from the news links posted to Killed By Police. All the posts linked to established outlets, although in some cases a new url for the article had to be found because the news site had restructured its links.
Looking at lethaldb.silk.co, we find the message "It’s time to say goodbye" and a notice that it has been shut down. The Internet Archive didn't have screenshots of older versions of the webpage, so I cannot verify its authenticity.
FatalEncounters.org also appears credible, as it includes a news story with each entry. Note that for all sites I checked some entries, but not all.
Next, let's see if other scholars have actually used the same data set.
The pdf for Lott and Moody 2016 can be accessed here and is published in the Social Science Research Network. I couldn't find the impact factor for this journal. From what I can tell, it is similar to ArXiv, so I would take documents here with a grain of salt. I could see from the appendix that data was collected from killedbypolice.net and fatalencounters.org, but not from the other source.
Nicholson-Crotty, Nicholson-Crotty, and
Fernandez 2017 can be accessed here. It is published in the Public Administration Review, the same journal as is the paper in question. In 2017, the impact factor was 4.591. Reading the paper confirms it also draws data from KilledByPolice and FatalEncounters (but, again, not from the third source).
Thus, some scholars did actually use data from 2 of the sources as the paper in question.
It may be too early to conclude if the conclusion is consistent with other research on this topic. The paper was published in 2018, and as the authors say
However, to our knowledge, no study has directly assessed the
racial composition of officer killings of suspects.
answered 1 hour ago
Barry HarrisonBarry Harrison
1,9431822
I will continue to look into this topic to edit and improve the answer.
RE: Methodology, the paper covers it well (emphasis added).
We constructed an original database of all confirmed uses of deadly force by police officers in the United States in 2014 and 2015.
We began by drawing on data gathered by Killed By Police, a
nongovernmental entity that tracks police killings reported in the
news and updates its data set each day. We chose this source as a
base because the site links each killing with a news story that we
could locate online. In order to ensure that the accuracy of the data,
we cross-checked it with two other websites that collect data on
police killings (lethaldb.silk.co
and
FatalEncounters.org).
All three
data sets have been used by other scholars studying police killings
(Lott and Moody 2016; Nicholson-Crotty, Nicholson-Crotty, and
Fernandez 2017).
The Killed By Police data contained the victim’s name, race, age,
date of birth, gender, date and time of killing, city, state, and a
news account of the killing. We supplemented these data with
other variables available in news accounts and other police killing
data sets, including local population demographics, cause of death,
geographic location of the killing, type of offense, presence of a
nonpolice witness, and whether there was a warrant for the suspect.
...We also coded for a range of
variables about the officers whenever possible, such as officer race
and gender, years of police service, and type of officer. Because of
missing data, we had to thoroughly analyze every news story that
we could locate on each killing.
First, let's look at the credibility of the websites.
Looking at Killed By Police, each entry in the database indeed includes a news article (and usually, 1+ news articles). Thus, it appears credible. Something interesting to note is that it has been fact-checked by FiveThirtyEight. From FiveThirtyEight:
We randomly sampled 146 incidents (10 percent) from the news links posted to Killed By Police. All the posts linked to established outlets, although in some cases a new url for the article had to be found because the news site had restructured its links.
Looking at lethaldb.silk.co, we find the message "It’s time to say goodbye" and a notice that it has been shut down. The Internet Archive didn't have screenshots of older versions of the webpage, so I cannot verify its authenticity.
FatalEncounters.org also appears credible, as it includes a news story with each entry. Note that for all sites I checked some entries, but not all.
Next, let's see if other scholars have actually used the same data set.
The pdf for Lott and Moody 2016 can be accessed here and is published in the Social Science Research Network. I couldn't find the impact factor for this journal. From what I can tell, it is similar to ArXiv, so I would take documents here with a grain of salt. I could see from the appendix that data was collected from killedbypolice.net and fatalencounters.org, but not from the other source.
Nicholson-Crotty, Nicholson-Crotty, and
Fernandez 2017 can be accessed here. It is published in the Public Administration Review, the same journal as is the paper in question. In 2017, the impact factor was 4.591. Reading the paper confirms it also draws data from KilledByPolice and FatalEncounters (but, again, not from the third source).
Thus, some scholars did actually use data from 2 of the sources as the paper in question.
It may be too early to conclude if the conclusion is consistent with other research on this topic. The paper was published in 2018, and as the authors say
However, to our knowledge, no study has directly assessed the
racial composition of officer killings of suspects.
answered 1 hour ago
Barry HarrisonBarry Harrison
1,9431822
edited 20 mins ago
answered 1 hour ago
Barry HarrisonBarry Harrison
1,9431822
answered 1 hour ago
Barry HarrisonBarry Harrison
1,9431822
answered 1 hour ago
Barry HarrisonBarry Harrison
1,9431822
1,9431822
1
I will continue looking into this for future edits. From what I can see now, there doesn't appear to be a big reason to doubt the methodology.
– Barry Harrison
1 hour ago
You should move above comment to the answer. Preferably at the top of the answer as a summary.
– fredsbend
1 hour ago
@fredsbend You can always edit, but I will do that.
– Barry Harrison
23 mins ago
add a comment |
1
I will continue looking into this for future edits. From what I can see now, there doesn't appear to be a big reason to doubt the methodology.
– Barry Harrison
1 hour ago
You should move above comment to the answer. Preferably at the top of the answer as a summary.
– fredsbend
1 hour ago
@fredsbend You can always edit, but I will do that.
– Barry Harrison
23 mins ago
1
1
I will continue looking into this for future edits. From what I can see now, there doesn't appear to be a big reason to doubt the methodology.
– Barry Harrison
1 hour ago
I will continue looking into this for future edits. From what I can see now, there doesn't appear to be a big reason to doubt the methodology.
– Barry Harrison
1 hour ago
You should move above comment to the answer. Preferably at the top of the answer as a summary.
– fredsbend
1 hour ago
You should move above comment to the answer. Preferably at the top of the answer as a summary.
– fredsbend
1 hour ago
@fredsbend You can always edit, but I will do that.
– Barry Harrison
23 mins ago
@fredsbend You can always edit, but I will do that.
– Barry Harrison
23 mins ago
add a comment |
2
Do note that there may be some bias introduced based on how the officers are assigned. If black police officers are preferentially assigned to black districts then they will tend to kill more black people than white. This will distort the measurements. Somehow the relative exposure of the officers to black vs white people must be taken into account to arrive at meaningful numbers.
– Daniel R Hicks
1 hour ago